Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is a serious oral health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It develops when bacteria in the mouth lead to inflammation and infection of the gums, potentially causing tooth loss and other health complications. Understanding the causes, treatment options, and long-term care strategies can help prevent serious consequences.
What Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is an infection of the gum tissue and supporting structures of the teeth. It typically begins as gingivitis, a mild form of gum inflammation caused by plaque buildup. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe condition where the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that harbor bacteria and lead to bone and tooth loss.
Several factors contribute to the development of periodontal disease, including poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, genetic predisposition, and certain medications that affect saliva production. Signs of periodontal disease can include swollen or bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gum recession, and loose teeth, although some people do not notice any signs at all.
Why Are Periodontal Cleanings Different?
A standard dental cleaning helps maintain the health of your teeth and gums. Once you have periodontal disease, a standard dental cleaning is not enough. First line treatment for periodontal disease is a specialized procedure called scaling and root planing or commonly referred to as a ‘deep cleaning’. This deep-cleaning process removes plaque, tartar, and bacteria from below the gumline and smooths out the root surfaces to prevent bacteria from reattaching.
Unlike routine cleanings that focus on surface plaque and tartar, periodontal cleanings target deep pockets where bacteria thrive. After this first phase of treatment, your periodontist will reassess your bone and gum tissue to see if further intervention is needed. Patients with advanced periodontitis may require surgical interventions, such as gum grafts or bone regeneration procedures, to restore lost tissue and support.
What Does Long-Term Care Look Like?
Managing periodontal disease is an ongoing process that requires a dedicated oral hygiene routine and professional care. Patients diagnosed with periodontitis typically need periodontal maintenance cleanings every 3 to 4 months, rather than the 6-month dental visits that many people are used to. These visits help control bacterial growth and prevent the disease from progressing.
At home, maintaining good oral health includes brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using an antibacterial mouthwash. There are also many other tools that can be tailored to your unique situation to help you maintain good oral health at home. Your periodontist can discuss options on what might work best for you. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and managing underlying health conditions like diabetes, can also improve gum health and reduce the risk of complications.
By staying proactive with periodontal visits and home care, patients with periodontal disease can effectively manage their condition and maintain a healthy smile for years to come.
Take Control of Your Gum Health Today
If you are experiencing symptoms of periodontal disease, are curious about what your periodontal health level is, or want to learn more about treatment options, Four Rivers Periodontics and Implant Specialists is here to help. We specialize in advanced periodontal care and implant solutions to restore your oral health. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a healthier smile!